A B S T R A C T

The green synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using plant extracts has emerged as an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical and physical synthesis methods. In the present study, copper nanoparticles were successfully fabricated using Saraca asoca leaf extract, which served as both a reducing and stabilizing agent due to its rich phytochemical composition, including flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, and saponins. The biosynthesized CuNPs were characterized using various analytical techniques such as UV–Visible spectroscopy to confirm nanoparticle formation, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify the functional groups involved in reduction and capping, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine crystallinity, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) or Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to examine morphology and particle size, and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis to confirm elemental composition. The synthesized CuNPs exhibited predominantly spherical morphology with nanoscale dimensions and good stability. Furthermore, the biomedical potential of the CuNPs was evaluated through antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity assays. The nanoparticles demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against both Grampositive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, potent free radical scavenging ability, and promising anticancer activity against selected cancer cell lines while exhibiting acceptable biocompatibility toward normal cells. These findings highlight that Saraca asoca-mediated copper nanoparticles possess excellent physicochemical properties and promising biomedical applications. The study underscores the potential of green-fabricated CuNPs as environmentally benign nanomaterials for future applications in nanomedicine, drug delivery, antimicrobial formulations, and therapeutic development.

Keywords: Green synthesis, nanoparticles, copper, Saraca asoca, phytochemicals, antitoxicity, anticancer.

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A B S T R A C T

In the fields of biotechnology, agriculture, gene therapy, wound healing, and controlled drug delivery, a number of polymeric films have been employed as drug carriers in recent years. The present study was based on the interpreting crosslink polymeric film of development of sodium alginate tragacanth for controlled delivery of ciprofloxacin. Sodium alginate (SA), and tragacanth were purchased from the local chemical shop, Kanpur. Ciprofloxacin was purchased as Ciplox tablets from the Cipla Pvt Ltd. All chemicals were of analytical grade. Soluble ciprofloxacin was added to a pharmaceutical polymer called SA cross-link polymeric films. A cross-link polymeric film based on sodium alginate and PVA was created using the solution casting method. When compared to pure SA, the cross link polymeric film physico-mechanical and swelling characteristics were much improved. The polymeric film containing CPF shown a substantial improvement in their bactericidal efficacy against bacteria. A drug model called ciprofloxacin was loaded into SA mix film, and the drug’s release behavior from the films showed that it was H-dependent, with a high release when estimated at pH 7.2 this behavior is caused by the biopolymer’s pH sensitivity. The findings indicate that this method may be a potential option for targeted and controlled medication delivery.

Keywords: Development, polymeric film, sodium alginate, tragacanth, ciprofloxacin

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21958126

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A B S T R A C T

Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic that is frequently used to treat zoonotic illnesses, skin and soft tissue infections, atypical bacterial infections, and respiratory tract infections. A 75-year-old woman was diagnosed with Acute Coronary Syndrome-ST Elevation Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction (ACS-STEAWMI) due to acute thrombotic blockage of the left anterior descending artery after presenting with significant retrosternal chest discomfort. After a successful first percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent insertion, she experienced acute kidney injury, bronchopneumonia with Type I respiratory failure, and significant left ventricular dysfunction. Intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam and oral doxycycline were used as empirical antibacterial therapy for bronchopneumonia. The patient experienced trouble swallowing and decreased oral intake after developing several painful aphthous ulcers involving the oral mucosa around two days after beginning doxycycline. while receiving piperacillin-tazobactam treatment. She also experienced temporary heparinassociated haematuria and hypokalaemia while in the hospital, were treated conservatively without stopping vital cardiovascular medication. Both the Naranjo Adverse Drug Response Probability Scale and the WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Center causation evaluation classified the adverse drug response as probable. This case demonstrates how doxycycline-induced aphthous ulcers in an elderly patient with numerous comorbidities and polypharmacy can be an uncommon but clinically significant adverse medication event. Complete recovery without compromising treatment of the underlying infection was achieved by promptly identifying the temporal link between doxycycline therapy and mouth ulcers, stopping the suspected medication right away, and providing adequate supportive care. This paper highlights the significance of pharmacovigilance, clinical chemist engagement, and interdisciplinary care in detecting rare adverse drug reactions and enhancing patient safety.

Keywords: Doxycycline; Aphthous ulcer; Adverse drug reaction; Pharmacovigilance; Polypharmacy Bronchopneumonia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21956862

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A B S T R A C T

This study aims to include a medicated liquid intended in the treatment of dry mouth in a troche formulation. Lozenges are solid dosage forms made by molding using high heat. Troches (hard lozenges) are commonly prepared to administer drugs in adult and pediatric populations. Blank or medicated lozenges were prepared from sugar, corn syrup, a liquid (water or Biotene), and a mint flavor. The ingredients (without the flavoring agent) were mixed and heated to 285oF to produce a melt. After the mixture was cooled to 260oF, the melt was poured into pre-greased molds. After a period of cooling in the refrigerator, the lozenges were removed from the molds and stored under refrigeration for further testing. Weight variation and dissolution tests were performed on the prepared lozenges. An experimental design was used to establish the best conditions (i.e., amounts of ingredients) that minimized variability in lozenges weight. Troches’ weight of and dissolution time of the formed units. The weight of the formed lozenges had a low variability. Lozenges completely dissolved in 6 milliliters of water set in motion at 250 r.p.m. with a magnetic stirrer. The dissolution time was 13.14 min/g (0.14 min/g) for units made with water and 12.34 min/g (0.15 min/g) for the lozenges made with Biotene liquid. Troches were compounded with low variability for their weight and an acceptable dissolution time to allow proper residence in the mouth cavity for adequate therapeutic action.

Keywords: Lozenges, troches, xerostomia, hyposalivation, compounding

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21956539

 

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A B S T R A C T

Clitoria ternatea had nootropic, anticonvulsant, and anti-inflammatory effects. It improves memory and raises rat acetylcholine levels. The flower is generally bilateral; nevertheless, petal mutations exist in nature, resulting in a radial appearance of the bloom. The leaves have pinnate venation with seven leaflets. The terminal leaflet is larger, while the base leaflet is smaller. The pods are flat, linear, and exhibit olive, brown, and black hues, measuring around 5-7 cm in length and holding 6-10 seeds per pod. It contains the alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, resin, saponins, phenols, triterpenes, proteins, and carbohydrates. In reality, black pepper, green pepper, and white peppercorns are all the same fruit (Piper nigrum); the color differences are due to different phases of maturation and processing techniques. When the pepper berries are half-ripe and on the verge of turning red, they are picked to make black peppercorns. Pepper contains the alkaloids i.e., piperine (5-9%). In northern India, Glycyrrhiza glabra is known as mulethi. G. glabra is native to the Mediterranean and certain regions of Asia. Sweet wood, licorice, madhuk, and kalitak are some names for it. Cough, cold, pain, edoema, and other conditions have historically been treated with G. glabra. The plant is a herbaceous perennial that reaches a height of one to two meters and has a long, robust main taproot. The taproot is 15 cm long and has three to five offshoot taproots. New stems are produced every year. The leaves are alternating, drooping, and pinnately unique. One species or variant of the Lamiaceae family of plants is Ocimum tenuiflorum L. It has contributed to science from ancient times to the present day in current practices because of its many restorative potentials. In conclusion, Clitoria ternatea (leaves), Black pepper (seeds), Glycyrrhiza glabra (root), and Tulsi (leaves) exhibited the numerous pharmacological potentials. Therefore, these herbs are promising research moiety which can be utilized in the management of various deadly ailments.

Keywords: Clitoria ternatea, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Piper nigrum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, pharmacological properties.

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A B S T R A C T

The intravenous route seems to be a best possible and the fastest way for delivering fluids or drugs. Even it carries most risk than other routes, so it is important to reduce the risk thus it is essential for the practitioners to exhibit their ability to practice safely. The study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding paediatric intravenous therapy. A quantitative approach with pre-experimental; one group pretest & post-test design was adopted for the study and purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 Staff Nurses of Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospitals, Bareilly, U.P. Self-structured questionnaire & structured checklist was administered with pen & paper method & observation method to collect the data. Pre-test sampling was conducted on the same day planned teaching program was given & after a period of 7 days Post-test was observed. The collected data was analysed by using SPSS version 22 (Descriptive & Inferential statistics were used mean, median, range, frequency, percentage, standard deviation, chi-square & paired ‘t’ test). Analysis revealed that the mean of post-test was higher than mean of pre-test, paired ‘t’ test value was found to be highly statistically significant at significance level of p<0.001 for knowledge & practice. Chi-square revealed there is no association between pre-test knowledge & practice scores with their selected demographic variables. Through the result study concluded that after planned teaching program, the mean of post-test gets improved compared to pre-test. Hence, planned teaching program is effective in imparting the knowledge and improving practice regarding paediatric intravenous therapy.

Keywords: Assess; knowledge; practice; effectiveness; paediatric intravenous therapy; Staff Nurses.

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A B S T R A C T

Finerenone, a novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, has emerged as an effective therapeutic agent for managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite its clinical potential, the drug suffers from poor aqueous solubility and pronounced first-pass metabolism, leading to reduced oral bioavailability. The present investigation was undertaken to design and evaluate a sustained-release (SR) tablet of Finerenone utilizing Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide (TSP), a natural, biodegradable polymer, as a rate controlling excipient. Tablets were formulated by the wet granulation technique with different concentrations of TSP and subjected to comprehensive evaluation for pre-compression and post compression characteristics, drug content uniformity, and in-vitro dissolution performance. Among all the developed batches, the optimized formulation (F5) displayed desirable physicochemical attributes, consistent drug distribution, and sufficient mechanical strength. The in-vitro release profile indicated a prolonged and controlled drug release of approximately 92% over 24 hours, adhering to Higuchi kinetics with a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Hence, the developed Finerenone SR tablets employing TSP as a release- modifying polymer can effectively prolong drug release, minimize dosing frequency, and enhance therapeutic efficiency and patient adherence in the long-term management of CKD.

Keywords: Finerenone, Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide, Sustained Release, Controlled Drug Delivery, Chronic Kidney Disease.

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1*Shubham Mitra, 2Shalini Singh

A B S T R A C T
The study was based on Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant and anti
arthritic potential of Crassula ovata leaves extract. The fresh leaves of Crassula ovata were
collected from the Unnao region in Uttar Pradesh. The plant herbarium will be authenticated by
a botanist. The leaves are washed for making dust-free dried under shade, sieved, and dried at
room temperature or shade. A 50g leaves powder of Crassula ovata was weighed and extracted
through cold maceration process i.e., soaked into beaker (mounted with aluminium foil) of
water: ethanol (1:) for 15 days with gradual stirrings. DPPH radical scavenging activity was
performed. Evaluation of the anti-arthritic potential of herbal extract was done through models
i.e., Inhibition of protein denaturation using bovine serum albumin and Inhibition of protein
denaturation using egg albumin. In results, the hydroalcoholic C. ovata leaves extract
demonstrated the % inhibition of protein denaturation using BSA as 57.3±0.4 % and 93.6±0.2 % at
the conc. of 12.5 µg/ml and 800 µg/ml respectively. Nonetheless, the C. ovata leaves extract
demonstrated the % inhibition of protein denaturation using egg albumin as 42.4±0.1 % and
92.6±0.2 % at the conc. of 12.5 µg/ml and 800 µg/ml respectively. In conclusion, C. ovata
leaves possess the potent antioxidant and anti-arthritic activity. On the other hand, a dose
dependent pharmacological response was observed.

Keywords: Crassula ovata, DPPH, anti-arthritic, BSA.

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1*Rishabh Singh, 2Shalini Singh

A B S T R A C T
The study was based on the design, synthesis and evaluation of new azole as antifungal agents.
After design and synthesis, the novel Azole derivatives, these were characterized the
synthesized novel Azole derivatives using following parameters i.e., physical appearance,
melting point, TLC (Rf values), FTIR analysis, NMR analysis and Mass spectroscopy. To evaluate
the anti-fungal potential of novel Azole (1,3,4-Oxadiazole) derivatives activity through well
diffusion method against fungal strains i.e., Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, Candida
albicans and Rhizopus species. Zone inhibition (anti-fungal activity) of Oxadiazole (C4) was
recorded as 4.86 mm, 5.27 mm, 5.49 mm, and 6.34 mm in S. aureus, A. niger, E. coli and C.
albicans, respectively. It can be concluded that the anti-fungal potential was much significant
against Rhizopus species which proves its anti-fungal action. Its anti-fungal potential might be
due to the destruction of cell wall and/ nucleic acid of diverse fungal species. Ketoconazole as
std. anti-fungal agent exhibited highest inhibition zone ranging from 12.0 to 24.0 mm. It also
showed highest zone inhibition against Rhizopus species as 24.0 mm.

Keywords: 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives, anti-fungal, NMR, FTIR.

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1*Vanshika Dixit, 2Shalini Singh

A B S T R A C T
The study was based on the Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Screening of
Azetidinone Derivatives. After synthesis, the novel Azetidinones derivatives were characterized
for following parameters i.e., physical appearance, melting point, TLC (Rf values), FTIR
analysis, NMR analysis and Mass spectroscopy. To evaluate the anti-fungal potential of novel
Azole (1,3,4-Oxadiazole) derivatives activity through well diffusion method against fungal
strains i.e., S. aureus, Aspergillus niger, E. coli and Candida albicans. The physical
characteristics of every Azetidinones derivative that was synthesized were examined. A2
showed a yield of 0.78 %, which was its highest percentage. A4 had the lowest yield percentage,
at 0.65 %. Zone inhibition (anti-microbial activity) was recorded as 4.86 mm, 5.27 mm, 5.49
mm, and 6.34 mm in S. aureus, A. niger, E. coli and C. albicans, respectively. It can be
concluded that the anti-microbial potential was much significant against C. albicans. Its anti
microbial potential might be due to the destruction of cell wall and/ nucleic acid of diverse
microbial strains. Gentamycin as std. anti-microbial agent exhibited highest inhibition zone
ranging from 13.0 to 26.0 mm. It also showed highest zone inhibition against C. albicans as 26.0
mm.

Keywords: Azetidinones derivatives, anti-microbial, Zone inhibition NMR, FTIR.

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